Victorian Penal Labour: Prisoners Turned Useless Crank Machine 6 Hours Daily

The crank machine was a penal labour device used in England in the 19th century. It consisted of a hand-turned crank which forced four large cups or ladles through sand inside a drum, doing nothing useful. The prisoner would typically be forced to do 6,000–14,400 revolutions over the period of six hours per day (1.5–3.6 seconds per revolution). The prison warden could make the task harder by tightening an adjusting screw. In 1895, there were 29 crank machines in use, but by 1901 there were only 5.[1] ^ Britannica on the treadmill. 13th edition: Encyclopædia Britannica. 1926. Retrieved 19 September 2016.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location (link) "Inveraray Jail and County Court, Life in Jail". 2016. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2016. "BBC - A History of the World - The Crank". 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2018. "Prison Treadmills". No tech. Low-tech magazine. Retrieved 19 September 2016. Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata